Policy Models and Policy Instruments in Higher Education: The Effects of Governmental Policy-Making on the Innovative Behaviour of Higher Education Institutions

Abstract: This article presents the major theoretical frameworks regarding governmental policy-making in the field of higher education. It first discusses two basic and general "policy models", after which these models are specified for the policy context of higher education. In addition, an overview is presented of the various policy instruments that can be used by governments with respect to public sector regulation. In the second part of this article the policy models and policy instruments are evaluated from the perspective of their capacity to stimulate innovations in the field of higher education.;